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| What is Fascism? | |
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| Topic Started: Apr 12 2007, 04:09 AM (36 Views) | |
| Arov | Apr 12 2007, 04:09 AM Post #1 |
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Do as thou wilt shall be the whole of the Law
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Just to make it clear. http://www.publiceye.org/eyes/whatfasc.html |
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| VincentDantes | Apr 12 2007, 04:56 AM Post #2 |
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Independant by Cynicism
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Some General Ideological Features by Matthew N. Lyons I am skeptical of efforts to produce a "definition" of fascism. As a dynamic historical current, fascism has taken many different forms, and has evolved dramatically in some ways. To understand what fascism has encompassed as a movement and a system of rule, we have to look at its historical context and development--as a form of counter-revolutionary politics that first arose in early twentieth-century Europe in response to rapid social upheaval, the devastation of World War I, and the Bolshevik Revolution. The following paragraphs are intented as an initial, open-ended sketch. Fascism is a form of extreme right-wing ideology that celebrates the nation or the race as an organic community transcending all other loyalties. It emphasizes a myth of national or racial rebirth after a period of decline or destruction. To this end, fascism calls for a "spiritual revolution" against signs of moral decay such as individualism and materialism, and seeks to purge "alien" forces and groups that threaten the organic community. Fascism tends to celebrate masculinity, youth, mystical unity, and the regenerative power of violence. Often, but not always, it promotes racial superiority doctrines, ethnic persecution, imperialist expansion, and genocide. At the same time, fascists may embrace a form of internationalism based on either racial or ideological solidarity across national boundaries. Usually fascism espouses open male supremacy, though sometimes it may also promote female solidarity and new opportunities for women of the privileged nation or race. Fascism's approach to politics is both populist--in that it seeks to activate "the people" as a whole against perceived oppressors or enemies--and elitist--in that it treats the people's will as embodied in a select group, or often one supreme leader, from whom authority proceeds downward. Fascism seeks to organize a cadre-led mass movement in a drive to seize state power. It seeks to forcibly subordinate all spheres of society to its ideological vision of organic community, usually through a totalitarian state. Both as a movement and a regime, fascism uses mass organizations as a system of integration and control, and uses organized violence to suppress opposition, although the scale of violence varies widely. Fascism is hostile to Marxism, liberalism, and conservatism, yet it borrows concepts and practices from all three. Fascism rejects the principles of class struggle and workers' internationalism as threats to national or racial unity, yet it often exploits real grievances against capitalists and landowners through ethnic scapegoating or radical-sounding conspiracy theories. Fascism rejects the liberal doctrines of individual autonomy and rights, political pluralism, and representative government, yet it advocates broad popular participation in politics and may use parliamentary channels in its drive to power. Its vision of a "new order" clashes with the conservative attachment to tradition-based institutions and hierarchies, yet fascism often romanticizes the past as inspiration for national rebirth. Fascism has a complex relationship with established elites and the non-fascist right. It is never a mere puppet of the ruling class, but an autonomous movement with its own social base. In practice, fascism defends capitalism against instability and the left, but also pursues an agenda that sometimes clashes with capitalist interests in significant ways. There has been much cooperation, competition, and interaction between fascism and other sections of the right, producing various hybrid movements and regimes. Matthew N. Lyons is an independent scholar and freelance writer who studies reactionary and supremacist movements. His articles have appeared in the Progressive and other periodicals. These paragraphs are adapted from Too Close for Comfort: Right Wing Populism, Scapegoating, and Fascist Potentials in US Politics (Boston: South End Press, 1996), which Lyons co-authored with Chip Berlet. © 1995, Matthew N. Lyons. ____________________________________________________________ I posted it here....cuz I felt like it. |
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| Estion | Apr 12 2007, 02:54 PM Post #3 |
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Persistent
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Since my concentration as a History major at college was on European politics and my thesis (and some graduate work) was on fascism in particular, I feel a special connection to this subject. My initial impression of this article was skeptical, mainly since he opened by implying that fascism cannot be defined clearly (and then proceeded to define it), which I do not believe, and also because he suggested that it is a dynamic movement that has pervaded recent history in many forms. Again, I do not agree. One of the more significant debates among historians in this field is whether fascism is period-specific in history, or whether it could ever arise again under the proper circumstances. Again, I believe it could not, but that's neither here nor there, and would require a very long explanation. Actually, I was rather impressed with his discussion, though none of it is actually new or novel analysis. He lifted a lot of it directly from other scholars. some of the exact phrases are very familiar, actually, but they permeate the field. If any of you is interested in reading more on this subject, I recommend Robert Paxton's book, "The Anatomy of Fascism," which I would readily characterize as the best work on what fascism is, its components, and how it works. It's short and is a surprisingly quick read for serious scholarship. If anyone is interested in more detailed work on Nazism, Italian fascism, French pseudo-fascist movements of the 1930s (the Vichy regime does NOT count), or the Romanian fascist movement (really, REALLY cool, actually), I can recommend things in that area, as well. |
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| Dupitable | Apr 13 2007, 02:46 AM Post #4 |
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How do you like THAT side boob?
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There is also a book callled European dictatorships by Steven Lee which is also a failry good comprehensive anaylisis of all the dictatorships in Europe in the 20th Century. |
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