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| Russia-China conflict; disputes | |
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| Tweet Topic Started: Fri May 9, 2014 9:38 am (309 Views) | |
| Flipzi | Fri May 9, 2014 9:38 am Post #1 |
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R.A.T.S.
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Sino-Soviet border conflict The Sino-Soviet border conflict (中苏边界冲突) was a seven-month undeclared military conflict between the Soviet Union and China at the height of the Sino-Soviet split in 1969. The most serious of these border clashes occurred in March 1969 in the vicinity of Zhenbao Island (珍宝岛) on the Ussuri River, also known as Damanskii Island (Остров Даманский) in Russia. Chinese historians most commonly refer to the conflict as the Zhenbao Island incident (珍宝岛自卫反击战). The conflict was finally resolved with future border demarcations. Background and border tensions The deterioration of Sino-Soviet relations in the late 1950s and early 1960s resulted in tensions along the 4,380 km (2,738 mi) border between China and the Soviet Union. A particularly serious incident occurred in May, 1962, when 60,000 ethnic Uyghurs in China's Xinjiang Province crossed the frontier into the Soviet Union, fleeing the desperate economic conditions. Beijing immediately accused the Soviets of subverting the Uyghur population, a charge that was later echoed in some Chinese historiography, though never independently verified. The deterioration of Sino-Soviet relations in the late 1950s and early 1960s resulted in tensions along the 4,380 km (2,738 mi) border between China and the Soviet Union. A particularly serious incident occurred in May, 1962, when 60,000 ethnic Uyghurs in China's Xinjiang Province crossed the frontier into the Soviet Union, fleeing the desperate economic conditions. Beijing immediately accused the Soviets of subverting the Uyghur population, a charge that was later echoed in some Chinese historiography, though never independently verified. Amid heightening tensions, the Soviet Union and China began border talks. The Chinese position was that the 19th-century border treaties, concluded by the Qing dynasty China and the Tsarist Russia, were "unequal", and amounted to unfair annexation of the Chinese territory. Moscow could not accept this interpretation. By 1964 the two sides were able to reach a preliminary agreement on the eastern section of the border, including Zhenbao Island, which, it was agreed, would be handed over to the Chinese side. The border dispute in the west centered on 52,000 square kilometres (20,000 sq mi) of Soviet-controlled land in the Pamirs that lay on the border of China's Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and the Soviet Republic of Tajikistan. In 1892, the Russian Empire and the Qing Dynasty had agreed to mark the border along the ridge of the Sarikol Range, but the exact location of the border remained an area of contention throughout the 20th century. Beginning in the 1960s, the Chinese demanded that the Soviet Union evacuate the region. In July 1964, Mao Zedong, in a meeting with a Japanese socialist delegation, stated that Tsarist Russia had stripped China of vast territories in Siberia and the Far East as far as Kamchatka. Mao announced that China still had not presented a bill for this list. Outraged by Mao's comments, which were leaked to the public, Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev refused to approve the border agreements, which had already been reached. Since around 1900, after the Treaty of Beijing, where Russia gained Outer Manchuria, the east side of the border had mainly been demarcated by three rivers, the Argun River from the triparty junction with Mongolia to the north tip of China, running southwest to northeast, then the Amur River to Khabarovsk from northwest to southeast, where it was joined by Ussuri River running south to north. Because of Chinese weakness, the Ussuri River was demarcated in non-standard manner: the demarcation line was on the right (Chinese) side of the river, putting the river with all islands in Russian possession. China claimed these islands, as they were located on the Chinese side of the river (if demarcated according to international rule using shipping lanes). The USSR wanted (and by then, already effectively controlled) almost every single island along the rivers. Full Detail http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Soviet_border_conflict Related; China-Russia border http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Russia_border Sino-Soviet split http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Soviet_split |
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Alfred Alexander L. Marasigan Manila, Philippines getflipzi@yahoo.com http://z6.invisionfree.com/flipzi " Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them!" " People don't care what we know until they know we care." | |
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| Flipzi | Fri May 9, 2014 9:40 am Post #2 |
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R.A.T.S.
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Sino-Soviet split The Sino-Soviet split (1960–1989) was the worsening of political and ideological relations between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) during the Cold War. In the 1960s, China and the Soviet Union were the two largest Communist states in the world. The doctrinal divergence derived from Chinese and Russian national interests, and from the régimes' respective interpretations of Marxism: Maoism and Marxism–Leninism. In the 1950s and the 1960s, ideological debate between the Communist parties of Russia and China also concerned the possibility of peaceful coexistence with the capitalist West. Yet, to the Chinese public, Mao Zedong proposed a belligerent attitude towards capitalist countries, an initial rejection of peaceful coexistence, which he perceived as Marxist revisionism from the Soviet Union. Moreover, since 1956 (when Nikita Khrushchev denounced the Stalin legacy), China and the USSR had progressively diverged about Marxist ideology, and, by 1961, when the doctrinal differences proved intractable, the Communist Party of China formally denounced the Soviet variety of Communism as a product of "Revisionist Traitors", i.e., the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, headed by Nikita Khrushchev. The split concerned the leadership of world Communism. The USSR had a network of Communist parties it supported; China now created its own rival network to battle it out for local control of the left in numerous countries. Lorenz M. Lüthi argues: The Sino-Soviet split was one of the key events of the Cold War, equal in importance to the construction of the Berlin Wall, the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Second Vietnam War, and Sino-American rapprochement. The split helped to determine the framework of the Second Cold War in general, and influenced the course of the Second Vietnam War in particular. The divide fractured the international Communist movement at the time and opened the way for the warming of relations between the United States and China under Richard Nixon in 1971. Relations between China and the Soviet Union remained tense until the visit of Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev to Beijing in 1989. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Soviet_split |
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Alfred Alexander L. Marasigan Manila, Philippines getflipzi@yahoo.com http://z6.invisionfree.com/flipzi " Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them!" " People don't care what we know until they know we care." | |
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| Flipzi | Fri May 9, 2014 9:43 am Post #3 |
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R.A.T.S.
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![]() photo shared by: Philippine Sabah Claim Forum https://www.facebook.com/groups/philippinesabahclaimforum/permalink/767890463229555/ posted by Anne de Bretagne on PSCF; On China's debacle with its Far Eastern and South East Asian neighbours: There is actually the thinking where I sit that if a major conflict involving China breaks out, it will happen not with the US nor with the countries whose land boundaries are found in the South or East China Sea but with Russia, in Southern Siberia more precisely. And it will be all about China's need for land and sources of raw materials. Yes, with Russia and it will be about the sparsely populated parts of Southern Siberia that's teeming with natural resources that China absolutely needs. The thinking is that China, which many thought would be naturally supportive of Russia's current "engagement" in the Crimea but has not, will be poised to take over some of the regions in Southern Siberia that have common borders with China. Land or border issue between the two nuclear powers dates back to the 17th Century and has continued. In fact, in the early 1960s and up to the early 70s, Beijing actually began to be more than just vocal about Soviet occupation of the disputed areas in Southern Siberia. Global Security.Org cites that Mao was quoted in the Japanese press as saying that both "Vladivostok and Khabarovsk were on territory that had belonged to China." Link: http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/prc-soviet.htm There were many border clashes between Russian and and Chinese troops that occurred in the late 60s; I believe there were also some military clashes in the early 70s. But China has now begun to reverse the tide "in its favour". China, in the last couple of decades, has begun to dominate parts of Southern Siberia through investments and by populating some parts of Southern Siberia. China's influence in the disputed territories is definitely expanding. Big question is will Russia take it sitting down? Der Spiegel wrote a report almost three years ago to the day about China's silent invasion of the disputed areas. The report did not speak of a military conflict between the two nations. It was careful not to hint that at all. In fact, it was written long before Russia's actions in Crimea. But in the context of China's growing assertiveness and its bully behaviour in the Far East and in South China Sea today, the China topic has become a favourite where I sit (especially following the visit of PM Abe of Japan to NATO Hqs.) There are not just a few people where I sit who really believe that China and Russia will be "locking horns" in the very near future. Incidentally, the old article in Der Spiegel is a good background material as it helps us understand why some quarters where I sit think that Russia will not put up with China's tactics in Southern Siberia. Excerpts: "China is at the center of many conversations in Mirnaya. But shouldn't the Kremlin be deeply concerned over what is happening beyond Lake Baikal? The border between the fallen superpower Russia and the People's Republic, which is gradually becoming a superpower, measures 3,645 kilometers, one of the longest borders in the world. And perhaps this border, where Europe's last offshoots encounter 1.3 billion Chinese, and where Christianity collides with Buddhism and Confucianism, is also one of the most important in the power struggles of the new century." .../... "...forward thinkers like government foreign-policy advisor Sergey Karaganov advocate an alliance with the EU. "If Russia does not join forces with Europe, it will inevitably become a raw material-supplying appendage of Greater China," he writes. But the closer Russia and Europe get, the less attracted they are to one another. Russia considers Europe to be too liberal. In fact China, which, like Moscow, sees stability as the most important value and deals harshly with dissenters, thinks similarly to Russia's rulers." .../... "But the Chinese aren't just interested in Russian lumber. They also want Russian oil." FULL DER SPIEGEL REPORT HERE: http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/change-in-russia-s-far-east-china-s-growing-interests-in-siberia-a-761033-2.html |
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Alfred Alexander L. Marasigan Manila, Philippines getflipzi@yahoo.com http://z6.invisionfree.com/flipzi " Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them!" " People don't care what we know until they know we care." | |
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| Flipzi | Wed May 28, 2014 3:18 pm Post #4 |
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R.A.T.S.
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Russia vies to challenge China's 97% monopoly on rare earth metals Russia plans to invest $1 billion in the extraction of rare earth metals to compete with market leader China which controls around 97% of world production. State-run Rostekh and the IST group of companies, owned by businessman Aleksandr Nesis, are planning to create a joint venture, Kommersant daily reported, citing sources close to the developments. The IST group is going to hold a 50% stake plus one share, Rostekh will get a 25% stake plus one share and the rest will go to an yet unnamed investment fund. The holding will be developing the Tomtorsky field in Russia’s Yakutia region. The 250-square-kilometer field is considered one of the largest in the world and its reserves are estimated at 154 million tonnes of ore containing yttrium, niobium oxides, scandium and terbium. In addition, the joint venture intends to stockpile of another rare earth mineral called monazite in warehouses and a processing plant in Krasnoufimsk. Construction of the plant is scheduled to start this year and be finished by 2017. The plant should reach full capacity in 2018. There has been no news however on when production from the Tomtorky deposit can start. Currently China has around 97% of the world production. Russia accounts for only 2% of production and consumption of rare earth metals. The main consumers are the United States, European Union and Japan. They have repeatedly complained about China's position, which is a virtual monopoly on the supply of rare earth metals. China restricts their exports to satiate their own industry. In particular, the developed countries have filed a complaint against China at the WTO. In addition, Japan, the United States and the United Kingdom have launched several projects to search for rare earth metals on the seabed. The 17 rare earth elements are used in the manufacture of electronics, batteries for cell phones, oil refining and other areas. http://rt.com/business/production-china-rare-metals-402/ The Chinese Rare Earths Monopoly Starts To Fall Apart These past several years I’ve been shouting to all who would listen that while China does indeed have a stranglehold on current production of rare earths that’s not something that we really need to worry about. For the important thing about rare earths is that they’re not rare (nor earths either). There are plenty of deposits around and we can get all we need from other areas of the world if we should care to. Full detail http://www.forbes.com/sites/timworstall/2012/11/11/the-chinese-rare-earths-monopoly-starts-to-fall-apart/ Japan breaks China's stranglehold on rare metals with sea-mud bonanza By Ambrose Evans-Pritchard, in Tokyo 5:56PM GMT 24 Mar 2013 Japanese scientists have found vast reserves of rare earth metals on the Pacific seabed that can be mined cheaply, a discovery that may break the Chinese monopoly on a crucial raw material needed in hi-tech industries and advanced weapons systems. "We have found deposits that are just two to four metres from the seabed surface at higher concentrations than anybody ever thought existed, and it won't cost much at all to extract," said professor Yasuhiro Kato from Tokyo University, the leader of the team. While America, Australia, and other countries have begun to crank up production of the seventeen rare earth elements, they have yet to find viable amounts of the heavier metals such as dysprosium, terbium, europium, and ytterbium that are most important. China has a near total monopoly in the heavier end of the spectrum, though it is also the dominant supplier of the whole rare earth complex after driving rivals out of business in the 1990s. It still accounts for 97pc of global supply. Beijing shocked the world when it suddenly began to restrict exports in 2009, prompting furious protests and legal complaints by both the US and the EU at the World Trade Organisation. China claimed that it was clamping down on smuggling and environmental abuse. "Their real intention is to force foreign companies to locate plant in China. They're saying `if you want our rare earth metals, you must build your factory here, and we can then steal your technology," said professor Kato. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/comment/ambroseevans_pritchard/9951299/Japan-breaks-Chinas-stranglehold-on-rare-metals-with-sea-mud-bonanza.html |
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Alfred Alexander L. Marasigan Manila, Philippines getflipzi@yahoo.com http://z6.invisionfree.com/flipzi " Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them!" " People don't care what we know until they know we care." | |
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| Flipzi | Wed May 28, 2014 3:35 pm Post #5 |
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R.A.T.S.
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CHINA STOLE A LOT OF RUSSIAN TECHNOLOGIES China has been developing more lethal weapons copied from stolen Russian and American designs and technology. These include top-of-the-line jet fighter designs from Russia, particularly the dreaded Sukhoi fighter jets, submarines, missiles, ships and the stealth fighter technology from the U.S. It was able to get a big leap in the defense technology when it acquired an array of Russian weapons, from fighter planes to aircraft carriers. China's goal is not to simply buy them but to take hold of the technology and infuse that into their own weapons technology development. The controversial design of their own J11 (see photo below) sparked a protest from Russia since the latter claimed that the former has copied their own design. Due to this, Russia is now apprehensive or has stopped selling battle equipments that can be the next object of technology piracy. ![]() http://www.sinodefence.com/airforce/fighter/j11.asp STOLEN RUSSIAN TECHNOLOGY The Shenyang J-11 (Jianji-11 or Jian-11) is the Chinese copy of the Sukhoi Su-27 (NATO reporting name: Flanker) air-superiority fighter built by the Shenyang Aircraft Corporation (SAC). The Russian nation underestimated the motives of the Chinese. It also ruined what Russia could benefit a lot from, which is the huge export potential of its wide array of advanced weaponry. Soon, after China's copying of the Russian design, it will surely tap its own export potential from these pirated battle equipment designs. Russia getting angry at China for copying there military hardware http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1SFJjGZ2QIY Edited by Flipzi, Wed May 28, 2014 3:45 pm.
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Alfred Alexander L. Marasigan Manila, Philippines getflipzi@yahoo.com http://z6.invisionfree.com/flipzi " Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them!" " People don't care what we know until they know we care." | |
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| Flipzi | Wed May 28, 2014 3:39 pm Post #6 |
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R.A.T.S.
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Russia Worried About China Stealing Submarine Technology http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R6XSZSNVmHo Made-in-China fighter jets may undermine sales of Russian fighter jets - RT 100705 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KCob-m3o04Y Edited by Flipzi, Wed May 28, 2014 3:43 pm.
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Alfred Alexander L. Marasigan Manila, Philippines getflipzi@yahoo.com http://z6.invisionfree.com/flipzi " Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them!" " People don't care what we know until they know we care." | |
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| Flipzi | Wed May 28, 2014 3:53 pm Post #7 |
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Russian Border Patrol Ship Opens Fire on Chinese Poachers The Moscow Times Jul. 18 2012 00:00 Last edited 10:19 A Russian border patrol ship in the Sea of Japan opened fire on a schooner poaching under the Chinese flag, a news report said Tuesday. The crew of the Dzerzhinsky spotted the Chinese vessel Monday within Russia's exclusive economic zone and attempted to contact it, a border patrol spokesman told RIA-Novosti. But the ship did not respond and attempted to escape, prompting a three-hour pursuit in which Russian border guards first fired warning shots, then collided with the vessel and fired on it directly as the crew of the schooner tried to resist being boarded by Russian troops. None of the 17 Chinese nationals on board were harmed as a result of the gunfire, according to the news agency, but one person from the Chinese vessel went missing after falling from the ship during the collision. The Chinese crew was unable to produce documentation showing that they had permission to fish in Russian waters, nor for the 22.5 tons of squid discovered on board. A representative of the Border Guard Service said the ship would be escorted to the nearest port in Nakhodka for further proceedings, RIA-Novosti reported. http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/russian-border-patrol-ship-opens-fire-on-chinese-poachers/462216.html Russia Opens Fire On and Seizes Chinese Vessel http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ocCBfz7vVRI China reprimands Russia in boat incident July 19, 2012 at 10:58 PM BEIJING, July 19 (UPI) -- China says one of its fishermen went missing after an alleged Russian attack on its fishing vessel this week, and demanded Moscow investigate the incident. China's official Xinhua news agency reported Vice Foreign Minister Cheng Guoping summoned a Russian diplomat to express strong dissatisfaction over the alleged attack. The minister's statement said the incident left one fisherman missing but gave no details. Earlier reports said Russia had seized two Chinese fishing ships and detained 36 fishermen after the vessels entered its exclusive far eastern economic zone in the Primorsky region. Xinhua quoted the Chinese Consulate in Vladivostok as confirming Tuesday one ship carrying 17 fishermen, and another with 19 fishermen, were detained. Cheng said China is very dissatisfied with Russia's actions to detain the Chinese fishing boat and crew after opening fire on the boat, and demanded Russia thoroughly investigate the incident and inform China of the results in a timely manner, Xinhua reported. The report said Russia detained the second Chinese fishing boat a day earlier. The minister said Russia should make sure the detained sailors are safe and their legitimate rights guaranteed. The report said Cheng demanded Russia release the boats and let the fishermen go quickly and make all-out efforts to search for the missing sailor. The Russian diplomat said Russia is investigating the incident, and will notify China as early as possible. Russia's RIA-Novosti news agency, quoting a spokesman for the local border guards services, said a coast guard boat was forced to open fire to stop a poaching fishing vessel in the Sea of Japan. The spokesman said the vessel, flying the flag of China, refused to stop on demand from the coast guards and tried to escape, resulting in a 3-hour chase. The news agency quoted the spokesman as saying the 17 Chinese nationals failed to present documents allowing them to fish. The report said no one was injured. It gave no details involving the second ship. China's Global Times in an earlier editorial said illegal fishing by Chinese fishermen occurs frequently in that area, but that firing at "a fishing is a violent form of law enforcement and is unacceptable." http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/russian-border-patrol-ship-opens-fire-on-chinese-poachers/462216.html |
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Alfred Alexander L. Marasigan Manila, Philippines getflipzi@yahoo.com http://z6.invisionfree.com/flipzi " Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them!" " People don't care what we know until they know we care." | |
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8:49 AM Jul 11